What is a soil "disease"?
Some diseases encountered in agricultural production can be relieved in time if the symptoms can be found in time. However, if the soil is diseased, it is dangerous, because some diseases obtained from the soil are often hidden and difficult to detect. The disease will cause great damage to crops.
What exactly is soil disease? Soil diseases do not represent a certain class of physiological or non-physiological diseases, but are a collective term for the symptoms of unhealthy or deteriorating soils. picture
What is the current state of the soil?
①. Soil acidification, salinization and hardening are serious.
②. Acidification makes the aluminum hydride produced in the soil seriously poisoning crops, inhibiting the reproduction and survival of beneficial microorganisms, causing the growth of harmful bacteria, prone to root diseases, aggravating the spread of root nematodes, and inhibiting the absorption and utilization of nutrient elements, resulting in fertilizer costs. The investment is getting bigger and bigger, but the quality and output are decreasing.
③. Strongly alkaline soil generally causes dead seedlings, dead seedlings, scorched leaves, deformed fruits, serious plots and even failure to harvest.
How does soil acidification occur?
①Natural factors: The soil itself has a poor ability to adsorb alkaline cations. When the soil humidity is heavy and rainfall is frequent, a large amount of alkaline ions are leached under the tillage layer, resulting in acidification of the tillage layer soil. This phenomenon is most common in southern my country.
②Environmental factors: When the soil is in a high temperature and humid environment, the organic matter in the soil will undergo anaerobic fermentation, which will aggravate soil acidification. When the organic matter content of the soil species is low, the buffer capacity of the soil will decrease, and it will not be able to effectively conserve and dilute various Acid ions will aggravate soil acidification.
③ Human factors: In the production process, people use a lot of livestock manure that is not fully fermented and decomposed. After the material is applied to the soil, it will continue to ferment and produce a large amount of organic acids, which will increase soil acidification, and the use of diazonium, phosphorus and potassium in production. Neglect the use of alkaline ions such as calcium and magnesium and microbial fertilizers, resulting in soil acidification and a large amount of physiological acidic fertilizers (such as leftovers from monosodium glutamate plants, pesticides or pharmaceutical factory scraps, most of these raw materials are acidic). In soil, causes soil compaction and acidification. When the soil is compacted, the microorganisms convert the sulfur in the soil into sulfuric acid and the chlorine in the soil into hydrochloric acid, which increases the acidity of the soil.
What are the effects of soil acidification on crops?
①Causes crop deficiency: The hydrogen ion in acidified soil exceeds the standard, which will directly damage the root system of crops, causing the root system to curl, become brittle, harden, and hinder the absorption function. When crops are severely lacking in nutrients, they can cause dead trees and rotten roots. Manganese ions and aluminum ions in acidified soil fix phosphorus elements and cannot be absorbed by crops. A large amount of manganese ions and aluminum ions enter crops, repelling the absorption of other ionic elements, resulting in iron deficiency, calcium deficiency, magnesium deficiency, and the absorption of various nutrient elements. Decreased fruit yield, poor coloration, etc. (like black skin disease of peppers).
②Increase crop diseases and insect pests: The living environment of underground pests is closely related to soil pH value (such as bamboo locust, nematodes, etc.) The outbreak of nematodes is directly related to soil acidification, and a large number of investigations have been carried out. The lower the pH value, the more serious the harm of nematodes, which has a lot to do with the nematodes' preference for an acidic environment.
③Affects the survival and reproduction of soil microorganisms: The most suitable pH value of soil microorganisms is generally in the neutral range of 6.5-7.5. Too acid or too alkali will seriously inhibit the living space of soil microorganisms. The population of harmful microorganisms will increase the population of beneficial microorganisms. The number will be greatly reduced, affecting the transformation and supply of nitrogen and other nutrients, and increasing the incidence of crop root diseases.
How to improve acid soil
①It is to increase the application of organic fertilizer: organic fertilizer can increase soil organic matter, improve soil structure, and make leafy vegetables grown on it more tender, cucumbers more tender, and fruits sweeter. After the autumn harvest every year, organic fertilizer can be applied to the field at an amount of two tons per mu, which can increase the pH value of the acidified soil and achieve the correcting effect.
②It is a reasonable application of chemical fertilizers: Generally speaking, when fertilizing, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied in the ratio of 1:0.3:1-1.2. At present, the habit of farmers in Chongqing is to apply nitrogen fertilizer and ignore the application of other types of fertilizers and trace elements. If applied in proportion, the soil pH can be kept within a reasonable range. In some areas, the lack of other elements and trace elements can also cause "malnutrition" of plants. At this time, you can purchase soil-testing formula fertilizers to supplement the soil with nutrients in a targeted manner, thereby slowing down the rate of soil acidification.
③ It is the application of "conditioning agents" such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, lime, etc.: calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is a kind of phosphate fertilizer. In the past, farmers thought that it had a slow fertilizer effect and was not as easy to dissolve in water as superphosphate. In fact, this is a misunderstanding. . Superphosphate dissolves well in water, but when it enters acidic soil, it will be "solidified" and will not play a role; and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer does not dissolve well in neutral and alkaline soil, but once it enters acidic soil The soil will be "full of vitality", which has the effect of correcting the low pH value of the soil.
Therefore, the soil is sick, and no amount of fertilizer is used! Improving the soil is a top priority!
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